Additionally, approximately 50% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases also exhibit TDP-43 pathology (known as FTLD-TDP) (Cairns et al., 2007; Neumann et al., 2021; Weihl et al., 2008), and ALS and FTLD-TDP are considered to form a continuous disease spectrum (Neumann et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2023; Weihl et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.