The SINV-GFP-infected cells were observed by fluorescence microscope at 24 h p.i. The results showed that the infection rate of SINV in the ARRDC1-KO cells was enhanced by about 3-fold compared to the control cells (Fig. 3C and D), suggesting that the replication levels of SINV in ARRDC1-KO cells were significantly higher than those in the control cells. This evidence concerns the gene ARRDC1 and infection.