Astragaloside IV, a primary active component of Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to upregulate Klotho expression by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, thereby alleviating high-glucose-induced podocyte injury and offering renoprotective effects in DKD (64, 65). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.