In the cell model for heart failure progression, miR-103-3p has been shown to promote autophagy by targeting the hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) transcription factor as well as FYVE and coiled-coil domain autophagy adaptor 1 (FYCO1) that directly interact with LC3 to increase autophagic flux (Xue et al., 2023). Here, HLF is linked to heart failure.