CRP and depressive symptom measurement: For example, the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (Köhler-Forsberg et al., 2019), cytokine inhibitors (Felger, 2019), or antidepressants which reduce the levels of serum CRP (Jha et al., 2017) have been proposed as potential adjunct or monotherapies for individuals with immuno-metabolic depression, and in the same way may serve as potential pharmacotherapies for individuals who present with pain symptoms, with or without anxiety and/or depression.