TNF and neoplasm: Given that IL-17, expressed by Th17 cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory responses and is known to induce the production of high concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and matrix metalloproteinase mediators—all of which are prevalent in the tumor microenvironment—this cytokine represents a potential therapeutic target in thyroid carcinoma (107).