Nonetheless, the broader effects of glucagon imbalance, especially in cases of α-cell overactivity and glucagon resistance, are still not fully understood in chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, and hypertension. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.