In the mild nephropathy group, factors that were significantly associated with PDR compared to mild retinopathy included systolic (p=0.044) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.009), urine albumin/CR (p=0.034), HbA1c (p=0.0094), and insulin use (p=0.0048) (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene INS and kidney disorder.