HES1 and diabetic kidney disease: Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin (TKL) can prevent macrophage polarization from the M2 (anti-inflammatory) to the M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway, reducing the expression of Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 to inhibit Notch signaling activity, and reducing kidney damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy (97).