HBB and anemia: Thalassemia is a hereditary condition affecting hemoglobin, the condition involves a decrease or absence in the formation of one or more globin chains in the hemoglobin tetramers, resulting in uncontrolled destruction of red blood cells and, ultimately, severe anemia.1,2 Beta-thalassemia arises from mutations that impact many stages of beta-globin protein synthesis, encompassing transcription, translation, and the stability of beta-globin production.3 One of the most prevalent genetic illnesses in humans is β-thalassemia.