Throughout the infection, there are other genes up-regulation, including: (a) Carboxylesterase 3A (Ces3a), which plays a role in exogenous responses and is associated with obesity and diabetes (Jones et al., 2013); (b) Apolipoprotein A-I (Apoa1), which interacts with the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Burnap et al., 2023); (c) Kininogen 1 (Kng1), a coagulation regulator that acts upstream in inflammatory responses and also possesses certain anti-adhesion properties (Chavakis et al., 2002). Here, KNG1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.