GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: GLP-1 agonists development has revolutionized the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus, animal studies showed that tirzepatide (a dual GLP-1/GIP-agonist) is superior to bariatric surgery in weight reduction and diabetes remission (Courcoulas et al., 2024; Al-Sabah et al., 2024).