MPO and colitis: The outcome revealed that extracts help reduce edema in acute inflammation, decrease inflammatory cytokine levels in both the intestine and kidney, and decrease the number of leukocytes and MPO activity in colitis models (Fotso et al., 2014; Chih et al., 1995; Yang et al., 2018; Mohammed et al., 2024; Abiodun et al., 2020) (Table 3).