Interestingly, downregulated colonic transcripts in IEC-Bmal1−/− mice were enriched for pathways related to inflammation, mucosal immunity, and infection, such as inflammatory bowel disease (mmu05321), antigen processing and presentation (mmu04612), and intestinal immune network for IgA production (mmu04672) (Figure 4D). Here, BMAL1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.