The percentage of classical monocytes with intracellular TNF expression was significantly higher in CD38+ MLR-low CLL patients than in CD38− MLR-low CLL patients (median, IQR; 4.97, 6.29–3.35 vs. 1.57, 3.2–1.57; p=0.0051) (Figure 9(d)). Here, TNF is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.