CD8A and neoplasm: In the INSPIRE cohort of 106 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) (NCT03702309) (235), higher serum choline levels were associated with augmented CD8- T cells and B cells in the tumor stroma, as well as an elevated CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to CD3+CD8-FOXP3+ T regulatory cells ratio in the tumors (235).