TNF and neoplasm: After receiving ICI treatment, TRM cells residing in the tumor are reactivated and expanded, releasing perforin and granzyme to directly lyse tumor cells; on the other hand, in the atherosclerotic microenvironment, activated TRM cells secrete pro-inflammatory factors TNF- α and IFN- γ, which amplify chronic inflammatory responses and directly damage the fibrous cap structure of the plaque by perforin and granzyme, thereby exacerbating plaque instability.