TNF and colitis: To validate the therapeutic predictions from our CMap analysis and establish a mechanistic connection between our gene signature and treatment outcomes, we evaluated the efficacy of MS.275 in a DSS-induced colitis model using eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice exposed to 2.5% DSS for seven days, with concurrent administration of vehicle control, MS.275 alone, TNF-α inhibitor alone, or combination therapy.