PTBP1 and hypopharyngeal carcinoma: In hypopharyngeal carcinoma, the lncRNA HOXA11-AS1-polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1)-FOSL1-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis has been identified as a new pathway that affects the immune escape of tumors from T cells and influences the proliferation and metastasis of tumors by regulating PD-L1 (111, 112).