In the present study, transcriptome analysis identified 28 DE-TrpGs in ESCC compared with normal samples, including eight upregulated (STAT1, IL4I1, TDO2, NMNAT3, KMO, IDO1, OGDHL, and ACAT2) and 20 downregulated DE-TrpGs (ALDH9A1, ALDH3A2, ADH1B, AOX1, MAOA, ECHS1, ALDH2, ACAT1, HAAO, ALDH7A1, HADHA, MAOB, AKR1A1, CYP4X1, INMT, CYP2U1, CAT, HADH, NMNAT1, and UGT2B11). The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.