HAAO and neoplasm: Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients by incorporating the clinical clinicopathological characteristics (tumor grade and lymph node stages), and the five-TrpG signature, HAAO, ALDH2, and lymph node stages were identified as the independent factors for ESCC to generate a nomogram for 1-, 2-, 3-year survival prediction (Figure 5K).