STAT3 and neoplasm: TNF, produced by tumorcells, promotes the growth and spread of tumors in various tissues.−, , , ,  IL6, known for its pro-tumor activity, has been implicated in liverand various cancer types., IL6, functioning asa regulator of the acute inflammatory response, activates STAT3, leadingto the transcriptional activation of cell survival-related genes. Proliferative cancer cells typically exhibitincreased IL6 and TNF expression,as seen in monolayer cells, but not in spheroids.