In the chronic exposure trials, Hb levels showed a nonsignificantdecline after 14 days (11.36 ± 0.279, p = 0.078)and after 20 days (10.34 ± 0.362, p = 0.078),suggesting the onset of Cd-induced suppression of erythropoiesis.The reductions became statistically significant after 40 days (10.12± 0.0176, p < 0.01) and were even more pronouncedafter 60 days (9.79 ± 0.005, p < 0.001),confirming the development of anemia associated with long-term Cdexposure. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).