Researchers found that PGC-1α deficient mice (Ppargc1a−/− mice) exhibit more severe loss of mitochondrial quality and function during folic acid-induced AKI, as evidenced by the down-regulation of mitochondrial-related genes (Tfam, Ndufs1, and Sdha), reduced TOMM22 staining, and decreased mtDNA, which are correlated with higher levels of kidney injury and inflammation. Here, NDUFS1 is linked to acute kidney injury.