Hsa_circ_0003258 can bind to insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), which enhances the stability of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), thereby activating the ERK signaling pathway, promoting EMT, and ultimately accelerating PCa metastasis.40 Here, HDAC4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.