FMR1 and fragile X syndrome: Consistent with our results, mammalian FXS models and human clinical data show elevated glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid marker levels and higher mitochondrial function (Vannelli et al., 2024; Licznerski et al., 2020; Weisz et al., 2018), supporting a generalized FMRP-PHKA2 metabolic interaction across species.