Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterise the importance of this infiltration and the potential impact of the different subpopulations of CD4+ T cells, which have been shown to play diverse roles and exert different effects on patient survival.50 Indeed, in light of our results and the fact that immunotherapy is now the current standard of care for iCCA patients,3–5 the next logical step in our investigations is to continue investigating the effects of setanaxib in combination with ICP inhibitors. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis.