Moreover, studies found increased CSF levels of GDF15 in patients suffering from cerebral palsy36, Parkinson`s disease37, or glioblastoma38 Although not expressed in post mortem brain tissue, a large-scale proteomic approach of 4877 plasma proteins in 10.981 patients revealed a strong association of GDF15 in plasma and serum with 25-year dementia risk39. Here, GDF15 is linked to dementia.