GNAI2 and glioblastoma: Notably, GNAI2 has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma, where it inhibits cell proliferation and survival by negatively regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling axis—a pathway known to be hyperactivated in glioma and associated with poor patient prognosis [15, 16].