Approximately 40,000 patients in the United States have recurrent pericarditis (RP), a chronic autoinflammatory disease mediated by interleukin (IL)-1; of these, approximately 14,000 experience multiple recurrences.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 RP involves episodic flares characterized by debilitating chest pain, and patients experience substantial morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life due to the multiple flares and fear of future recurrences.6 This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and pericarditis.