GALM and cholesteryl ester measurement: We found that L. crispatus, which also contained genes encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase [EC: 5.1.3.2] (K01784, converting galactose to alpha-D-glucose-1P; Data S1) and aldose 1-epimerase [EC: 5.1.3.3] (K01785, converting galactose to alpha-D-glucose-1P; Data S1) via the Leloir pathway was depleted in CE subjects.