ALB and nephrotic syndrome: He presented to the emergency unit and was diagnosed with acute kidney injury and severe nephrotic syndrome; laboratory investigations revealed an increase in serum creatinine from a baseline of 0.77 mg/dl to 1.99 mg/dl (corresponding to 68 μmol/l and 176 μmol/l, respectively), a serum albumin of 16 g/l, hyperlipidemia with cholesterol levels of 388 mg/dl (corresponding to 10.03 mmol/l), and nephrotic range proteinuria with a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of 13.4 g/g (corresponding to 1514 mg/mmol) (Figure 2a).