GABPA and breast cancer: It is well characterized that the hotspot promoter mutations of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene (C228T or C250T), occurring in more than 80% of BC tumors, are the key mechanism for telomerase activation and malignant transformation of urothelial cells [18–21], while GABPA, the ETS transcription factor, stimulates the mutated TERT promoter for its transcription [22].