Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that the expression profiles of the positively and negatively enriched genes (Supplementary Table 3; E2F targets and TNFα signals, respectively) in the analysis tended to be observed in the subset of MDS patients associated with thrombocytopenia rather than in HD and other patients with normal platelet counts (Supplementary Fig. 9A and Supplementary Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myelodysplastic syndrome.