Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) facilitates tumor growth and promotes invasiveness and metastases in preclinical models of NSCLC, and high IL-1β expression has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with early-stage NSCLC.14, 15, 16 Canakinumab is a high-affinity, human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets IL-1β and blocks its interaction with its receptor, and has been shown to potentiate the antitumor activity of ICIs in NSCLC preclinical models.17 Here, IL1B is linked to neoplasm.