INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recent evidence suggests that MASLD contributes to cardiovascular disease through multiple interrelated mechanisms, including lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation.[39], [40], [41] Hepatic inflammation in MASLD triggers the release of a wide range of proinflammatory mediators, leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury, and atherogenesis.41