The results confirmed that MRL/lpr mice exhibited significantly elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the distal femur compared to BALB/c controls, while LCD treatment effectively suppressed inflammatory responses, reducing IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression by 4.18-fold, 6.41-fold, and 4.24-fold, respectively (Figure 3C), demonstrating LCD effectively ameliorates the inflammatory microenvironment within the trabecular bone region of the distal femur, providing mechanistic insight into its therapeutic efficacy against SLE-associated OP. Here, IL6 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.