Research shows that the measurement of MCP-1 in the urine of DKD patients is higher compared to healthy controls, and it is significantly associated with the progression of CKD, as well as related to changes in urinary albumin levels and eGFR, indicating that uMCP-1 is an important biomarker for assessing the progression of DKD (27, 28). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and diabetic kidney disease.