Studies have reported that in patients with advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who did not respond to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment, the levels of miRNA-200c-3p, miRNA-21-5p, and miRNA-28-5p in plasma EVs prior to treatment were elevated (15). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.