TGFB1 and breast cancer: Quercetin suppresses EMT-driven malignancy across carcinomas through tissue-specific mechanisms: in breast cancer by modulating the circHIAT1/miR-19a-3p/CADM2 axis, in lung cancer via Akt/MAPK pathway inhibition that reduces β-catenin nuclear translocation, and in oral squamous cell carcinoma through blockade of TGF-β1-induced EMT, collectively inhibiting metastatic phenotypes (Li et al., 2024; Elumalai et al., 2022; Kim et al., 2020).