Recently, Zhang et al. (2025) [155] reported that DNJ significantly increased glucose and glycogen consumption, while reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, through the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, as demonstrated in an insulin resistance model and a 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. The gene discussed is IRS1; the disease is Insulin resistance.