ICIs that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 are approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and cervical cancer [52]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.