Accordingly, some studies revealed that, in contrast to a non-pathogenic mutant strain, infection of macrophages with virulent Legionella pneumophila led to ubiquitination of Akt, which in turn suppressed mTOR kinase activity [247], indicating that repression of mTOR pathways supports discrimination of pathogen signatures from avirulent microbes, and may even be required to initiate the inflammatory response of macrophages against pathogens. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and infection.