Chronic systemic inflammation associated with T2DM also modulates the expression of vascular adhesion molecules on brain endothelial cells: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) enhance leukocyte adhesion and transmigration into the CNS [87,88]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.