These changes were supported by IHC analysis of Vimentin, where 015s-treated tumours showed a significant reduction in Vimentin-positive area compared to PBS (p  <  0.001), αPD-1 (p  <  0.001), and αPD-1 + TGF-βRII (p  <  0.0001; Figure 4F,G). Here, VIM is linked to neoplasm.