Jukema et al. investigated the role of the RAAS in patients with suspected coronary artery disease and reported higher renin levels in patients with obstructive coronary disease than in patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction and in patients with normal or non-obstructive coronary disease [49], suggesting a potential direct effect of the RAAS on the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. This evidence concerns the gene REN and coronary artery disorder.