Anti-TPO prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–3.04; p = 0.0006) and levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.37–0.88; p < 0.00001) were significantly higher in PCOS patients. The gene discussed is TPO; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.