BRCA1 and neoplasm: These innovations have been crucial in uncovering new biomarkers, such as particular gene modifications (e.g., in AR, TP53, PTEN, BRCA1/2, ATM, CDK12, ETS family, SPOP, FOXA1), RNA alterations, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNAs, which together inform prognosis and assist in treatment selection [11,40].