Recent studies have further demonstrated that SIRT1 overexpression leads to increased expression of the efflux transporters MDR1 and MRP1 in drug-resistant cells and in tumor biopsies from cancer patients, thereby facilitating the removal of daunorubicin (DNR) from AML cells and contributing to treatment failure [9,26,29]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and acute myeloid leukemia.