Thrombin signals via protease-activated receptors (PAR-1 and PAR-2) on tumor, stromal, and endothelial cells, inducing oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK/Erk, and NF-κB and thereby promoting cell survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis [56,57]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.