PDE8B and cardiac hypertrophy: Consistent with these clinical findings, a recent MDS study identified specific genes and pathways that may explain compromised organ functions, including cardiac hypertrophy (ACTC1, CACNG4, CACNG6, CAMK2B, CDH2, FBLN1, GJA5, KCCN2, PDE8B, SCN5A, THBS2, skeletal system development (ADD2, TRAM-1, NEAS), calcium signaling (CAMKIIB, PDE8B), synaptogenesis (APOE, ARSA, BEX1, GABBR2), and the STAT3 pathway (WNT16) [61].